The benefits of magnesium ions for the human body

Overview

Mg²⁺ is the second most abundant intracellular cation. It is formed when a neutral magnesium atom (Mg) loses two electrons, achieving a +2 charge.

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Key Biological Roles & Functions

1. Enzyme Cofactor

   • Essential for over 600 enzymatic reactions.

   • Critical for ATP metabolism (stabilizes ATP/ADP), DNA/RNA synthesis, and glycolysis.

2. Cellular Regulation

   • Competes with Ca²⁺ to regulate muscle contraction, neurotransmitter release, and vascular tone.

   • Modulates ion channels (K⁺, Ca²⁺) and signaling pathways.

3. Structural Integrity

   • A major component of bone and tooth mineral matrix.

4. Systemic Health

   • Cardiovascular: Stabilizes heart rhythm (anti-arrhythmic); manages blood pressure.

   • Neuromuscular: Regulates nerve signal transmission and muscle function.

   • Immune Function: Required for T-cell activation and antibody production.

5. In Plants

   • Central atom in chlorophyll, essential for photosynthesis.

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Regulation & Homeostasis

• Tightly controlled by the intestines, kidneys, and bones.

• Primary Stores: ~99% is intracellular or in bone (only ~1% in blood serum).

• Deficiency (hypomagnesemia) is linked to cardiac, muscular, and neurological disorders.

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Mg²⁺ vs. Neutral Magnesium Atom

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Dietary Sources

• Nuts, seeds, leafy green vegetables, legumes, and whole grains.